🧒 Explain like I'm 5
Imagine you have a toy that makes a sound when you press a button. The observer pattern is like telling your friend to watch the toy and shout when it beeps. The pub/sub pattern is like having a walkie-talkie: you shout a message into it, and anyone listening hears it. If you forget to tell your friend to stop watching, they might keep shouting forever and that's a memory leak!
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Senior-level deep dive: internals, pitfalls, and a self-interview ladder.
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